That’s All Well and Good … But What About the Rest of Us?

So that last post is an example of the generally excepted history of the vote for women. What I didn’t acknowledge was that the Dominion Elections Act only allowed white women to vote.

In fact many of the suffragettes were upper class, white women who felt that their morals would help to uphold the country.

So being my white self I assumed (wrongly) that I should go and find out when the African Canadians got the vote. So I went searching and searching and searching. And I didn’t find anything. But I did find out about Indo-Canadians, Chinese Canadians, Japanese Canadians as well as some certain European Canadians.

But wait? you say. Is this really feminist? In my opinion, and in the opinion of other feminists (though not all), yes. Race is intertwined with gender.

So here is a history of enfranchisement in Canada.

1900 – The Dominion Elections Act sets rules for voting. It sets it up so that the requirements to vote federally are the same as the provincial requirements. This bars minorities from voting. This included visible minorities, women and aboriginals.

1917 – The War Time Elections Act opened up the vote to some women, mostly those who had relatives fighting the Great War. Unfortunately this act also took away vote rights from “enemy aliens” naturalized after 1902. This include German Canadians and Ukcranian Canadians.

1920 – The Dominion Elections Act is amended to include “all Canadians over 21″. This does not include Aboriginals or anyone else that is excluded from provincial elections. This means that Asians and Hindus (what they called Indo-Canadians back in the day).

1938 – The Dominion Elections Act is revised but still retains the portion that those barred from voting provincially are barred federally as well as that Aboriginals are barred from voting.

1947 – In BC an act allows ”every” Canadian to vote except Japanese and Aboriginal peoples. It also stripped Doukhobors, Hutterites, and Mennonites of their right to vote unless they had served in the armed forces.

1948 -  Part of the Dominion Elections Act is repealed and Japanese Canadians are finally allowed to vote.

1955 – The Federal government allows the Doukhobors to vote. As of 1955 only Aboriginals were still barred from voting.

1960 – Aboriginals are allowed to vote without having to give up their treaty or renounce their status.

The CBC has some very interesting videos documenting enfranchisement in Canada (Click here).

Even now that I have included this time line of when minorities got to vote I still feel like that it really doesn’t cover the whole big idea. Just because these people are now allowed to vote does not mean that discrimination against them stopped. It wasn’t even stopped after Canada tried to become a multicultural society.  In fact multiculturalism has its own problems.

Just because we have a view of ourselves as accepting does not mean we have always been so, nor are we always that way now.

Short History of (Canadian) Suffrage

The first portion of the video which I posted a couple days ago (and I will shortly create a page of its own for it) is a song which was created for the suffrage movement.

What is that? you ask.

Many cite it as the beginning of Feminism. Women banded together in order to receive their right to vote. Depending upon the country you are from, how and when this happened differs greatly.

As I live in Canada I’m going to focus on our long journey to suffrage here.

…Gentlemen, we object to being classed with those who are denied the vote. We are not idiots, not imbeciles. We are women, and we are asking for equal franchise, not as a favour, but because it is just that we should have it.
–Zoe Haight (Herstory 1987), in a speech to the Saskatchewan legislature while presenting the 1916 suffrage petition.

In Canada the suffrage movement began in the late 1800′s. It became more pressing  in the mid 1910′s. In 1914 following a remark from the Premier of Manitoba the Manitoba’s Political equity league staged a satire called “The Women’s Parliament”. The women of the “Parliament” discussed the idea of the enfranchisement of (basically  giving the vote to) men. This satire did much to encourage giving women the vote in Manitoba. (Click here to see a video of the satire described by a woman who saw it as a young girl) On 28 January 1916 women in Manitoba won the right to vote by Saskatchewan on March 14 and Alberta on April 19. IN BC women got the vote on April 5 1917 and in Ontario on April 12 of the same year.

Then in 1917 the Wartime Elections Act was passed allowing some women the ability to vote. In 1918 women over 21 received the right to vote federally, even if they were not allowed to do so provincially. Even with this right women were still not considered to be “persons” under the law. This would continue to be so until the Persons Case in 1929 when it was brought before the British Privy Council after the Supreme Court of Canada declared that women were not persons.

Between 1918 and 1934 women in almost all provinces received the right to vote. Quebec women were the last to receive this right as it was not until 1940 that they were allowed to vote provincially.